英語閱讀理解主旨大意題
【摘要】“英語閱讀理解主旨大意題”主旨大意題主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對(duì)某一語段或某一語篇的主題標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。常見的設(shè)題方式有：
1標(biāo)題類常見的標(biāo)題型題干：
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
2 大意類常見的主題型題干：
5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.6) What’s the topic of the article?
7) What is the subject discussed in the text?
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
3 目的主旨大意題
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is______.
The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______
這類題通常圍繞一個(gè)中心思想展開，不少文章一開頭便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是內(nèi)容的梗概，同時(shí)又表達(dá)了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒有用一句話明確表達(dá)出來，這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括。每個(gè)段落往往也由一個(gè)主題句或幾個(gè)陳述句構(gòu)成，它們?cè)诰渲械奈恢貌煌袝r(shí)在開頭, 首先點(diǎn)明本段大意; 有時(shí)在結(jié)尾, 總結(jié)本段大意。
做這類題，首先要找出文章的主題句。找出文章的主題句，也就明確了文章要講什么，再通過速讀全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在許多文段中，沒有可以概括全段意義的主題句，必須根據(jù)文章中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面分析，然后歸納成一般概念。但必須注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過于寬泛，要恰如其分。
A.主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式
1)文首開門見山, 提出主題, 隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式.
例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
2).文尾，在表述細(xì)節(jié)后, 歸納要點(diǎn), 印象, 結(jié)論建議或結(jié)果, 以概括主題. 這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式
例3.A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Man’s games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.
3).文中，通常前面只提出問題， 文中的'主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出, 而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展.
例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
4).首尾呼應(yīng)，為突出主題, 作者先提出主題, 結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題, 這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式較為多見. 但前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù), 后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。
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