英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作經(jīng)驗(yàn)分享開(kāi)頭策略
俗話說(shuō)，題好文一半，新gre issue開(kāi)頭有著相當(dāng)重要的作用。一個(gè)文章的開(kāi)始是用來(lái)開(kāi)宗明義，并稱述觀點(diǎn)，給全文定下一個(gè)基調(diào)，也引領(lǐng)讀者進(jìn)入這個(gè)話題。新gre issue開(kāi)頭可以采用兩種方法：a. 用名人名言開(kāi)頭。b. 描述issue所出現(xiàn)的時(shí)代背景。
新gre issue開(kāi)頭策略a.
例如這個(gè)題目、"So much is new and complex today that looking backfor an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in thepresent."
開(kāi)頭前兩句話可以這樣寫(xiě) The English Philosopher Francis Bacon once statedHistories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; naturalphilosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. Accordingto Bacon, history comes before all the other knowledge and provides us with abundantwisdom.
然后可以轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)，但是在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，人們有了一個(gè)新的觀點(diǎn)。
新gre issue開(kāi)頭策略b.
例如這個(gè)題目、"Thereare two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has aresponsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey andresist unjust laws."
開(kāi)頭前兩句話可以這樣寫(xiě)Intoday’s society, the legal system is playing an essential and ultimatelypowerful role in regulating daily activities, maintaining the functions of economyand protecting individuals’ rights.
然后可以進(jìn)一步描述有人認(rèn)為法律分為兩種。
開(kāi)頭的第二件事需要restate the issue. 用不同于題目的語(yǔ)言描述問(wèn)題, 這樣的描述體現(xiàn)了你對(duì)于問(wèn)題的理解，也決定了你后文對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的闡述方式。
例如這個(gè)題目、 Scientists and other researchers should focus theirresearch on areas that are likely to benefit the greatest number of people."
Restate可以是、Scientists and scholars should devote their energy onresearch projects which target at benefiting as many people as possible.
或者更加詳細(xì)的分析，例如這個(gè)題目、 "How children are socialized todaydetermines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned howto raise children who can help bring about a better society."
可以寫(xiě) The speaker’s statement is actually a dualclaim. First, the future of our society is determined by how today’s childrenare socialized. Second, our educational system fails to shape our children intosomeone who can improve various aspects of the society.
第三件事情是陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。這里需要涵蓋下文所出現(xiàn)的所有論點(diǎn)。如果某個(gè)論點(diǎn)沒(méi)有被包含在內(nèi)，那么會(huì)給讀者surprise，這在學(xué)術(shù)寫(xiě)作里面是很不好的。當(dāng)然將全文的觀點(diǎn)濃縮在1-2句話里是非常困難的。
例如這個(gè)題目、 Educations should find out what students want included in thecurriculum and then offer it to them.
觀點(diǎn)可以用兩句話說(shuō)明、 Although personal interests can serve as motivationfor students to learn better (觀點(diǎn)1), it’s unreasonable for educators to incorporate all the different interestsin any curriculum(觀點(diǎn)2). Moreover, educations should shape the interests of students and helpthem acquire useful techniques and knowledge (觀點(diǎn)3).
或者這個(gè)題目、 "It is the artist, not the critic, whogives society something of lasting value."
觀點(diǎn)可以用一句話說(shuō)明
Although I admit that the virtue of the artlies in the work itself (觀點(diǎn)1), we should not overlook critics’ role in discovering, evaluating,and disseminating the work of artists (觀點(diǎn)2)and how theyhelp popularize the art’s value in the society (觀點(diǎn)3).
最后還有幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)
1. 新gre issue開(kāi)頭的長(zhǎng)度：也許你覺(jué)得有很多話可以說(shuō)，也許你想把開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)得引人入勝，但開(kāi)頭的長(zhǎng)度是需要控制的。如果有3個(gè)觀點(diǎn)段，那么開(kāi)頭大致不應(yīng)該超過(guò)全文的1/5。因?yàn)槿绻愕拈_(kāi)頭過(guò)長(zhǎng)，那么會(huì)顯得頭重腳輕，或者顯得文中的論述不夠充分。
2.新gre issue寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭的訓(xùn)練：寫(xiě)開(kāi)頭是需要訓(xùn)練的，也很容易訓(xùn)練。拿到一個(gè)題目，很快的問(wèn)自己，這個(gè)題目關(guān)鍵在哪里，為什么會(huì)有這樣的問(wèn)題，我的觀點(diǎn)是什么。然后按照前文說(shuō)的順序?qū)懴聛?lái)就好了。熟練了以后，可以在5分鐘內(nèi)把開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)好，那么后文時(shí)間也能更加寬裕。
新gre issue開(kāi)頭開(kāi)可以采用一些其他的方法，比如開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山、欲抑先揚(yáng)等，具體的方法需要考生多看新gre issue范文，開(kāi)拓思路，形成自己獨(dú)特的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格，不要人云亦云。
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