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    大學英語四級語法精要:時態,語態,短語動詞

    時間:2023-12-13 10:26:58 曉怡 英語四級

    大學英語四級語法精要:時態,語態,短語動詞

      大學英語四級考試是由中華人民共和國教育部主辦,中華人民共和國教育部教育考試院(原教育部考試中心)主持和實施的大規模標準化考試,是全國性的教學考試,其目的是促進中國大學英語教學工作,對大學生的英語能力進行客觀、準確地測量,為提高中國大學英語課程的教學質量提供服務。以下是小編精心整理的大學英語四級語法精要:時態,語態,短語動詞,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。

    大學英語四級語法精要:時態,語態,短語動詞

      大學英語四級語法精要:時態,語態,短語動詞

      1.時態

      1)現在完成進行時態 (have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.

      I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

      I’ve been sitting in the garden.

      2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作

      I’d been working for some time when he called.

      We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

      3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.

      By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

      In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

      4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時會業已發生的事.

      I shall have finished this one before lunch.

      They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

      2.語態

      1) 可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:

      He was said to be jealous of her success.

      It was said that he was jealous of her success.

      能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

      It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

      The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

      擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:

      Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)

      2) 雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態

      a) 雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.

      He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

      Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

      b) 賓補結構的被動語態:

      She was called Big Sister by everybody.

      Then he was made a squad leader.

      He was considered quite qualified for the job.

      The room was always kept clean and tidy.

      3.短語動詞

      1) Vi + adv

      The plane took off two hours late.

      2) Vi + prep

      They looked round the Cathedral.

      3) Vi + prep (有被動語態)

      She’s looking after her sister’s children.

      The children were always well looked after.

      4) Vi + adv + prep

      I began to look forward to their visits.

      5) Vt + O + adv

      Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.

      The children were brought up by their mother.

      They took him on.

      6) Vt + adv + O (無被動語態)

      I am trying to give up smoking.

      7) Vt + O + prep

      We talked Donald into agreement.

      拓展:大學英語四級語法

      (1) 改變時態

      The bell is ringing now. (一般)

      There goes the bell! (高級)

      (2) 改變語態

      People suggests that the meeting be put off. (一般)

      It is suggested that the meeting be put off. (高級)

      (3 )使用過去分詞

      Lisa walked out of the room and many guys followed her. (一般)

      Followed by many guys, Lisa walked out of the lab. (高級)

      (4) 使用v-ing 形式

      When she arrives, please give me a call. (一般)

      On her arriving, please give me a call. (高級)

      (5) 使用不定式

      He is so kind that he can do me a favor. (一般)

      He is so kind as to do me a favor. (高級)

      (6) 使用虛擬語氣

      The patient didn’t die because there were the efforts of the doctor. (一般)

      But for the efforts of the doctor, the patient would have died. (高級)

      (7) 使用強調句型

      I was born in 1987. (一般)

      It was in 1987 that I was born. (高級)

      (8) 使用倒裝

      Though I’m sick, I’ll carry on. (一般)

      Sick as I am, I’ll carry on. (高級)

      (9) 使用并列句

      If you go through the gate, you’ll find me. (一般)

      Go through the gate, and you’ll find me. (高級)

      (10) 使用名詞性從句

      She happened to have met him. (一般)

      It happened that she had met him. (高級)

      (11) 使用定語從句

      The girl is spoken highly of. Her homework was well done. (一般)

      The girl whose homework was well done is spoken highly of. (高級)

      (12) 使用狀語從句

      I won’t believe what he says. (一般)

      No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高級)

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