英語(yǔ)名詞分類
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：名詞是英語(yǔ)中最重要的詞類之一。名詞是指代人、事、物、概念等等的詞語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有七種類型的名詞。下面是對(duì)這些類型的英語(yǔ)名詞的簡(jiǎn)要解釋。
1.Abstract Nouns
抽象名詞
Abstract nouns are nouns that refer to concepts, ideas, emotions, etc.
抽象名詞是指代概念、觀點(diǎn)、情感等的詞語(yǔ)。
Abstract nouns are nouns that you can not touch, are not made of materials, but play an important role in life. Here is a list of some common abstract nouns:
抽象名詞指代的是那些我們觸摸不到的事物，它們不是由某種材料制成的，但在生活中卻起著重要作用。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞的列表：
success
成功
depression
沮喪
love
愛(ài)
hate
反感
anger
憤怒
power
力量
importance
重要性
tolerance
容忍
Tom has had a lot of success this past year.
在過(guò)去的一年來(lái)，湯姆捷報(bào)頻傳。
Many people prefer to let love inspire them rather than hate.
比起被仇恨驅(qū)使，許多人都更情愿得到愛(ài)的鼓舞。
Jack has little tolerance forpeople who waste his time.
杰克很難容忍浪費(fèi)他的時(shí)間的人。
The desire for power has ruined many good people.
許多優(yōu)秀的人都是毀在對(duì)力量的渴望下。
2.Collective Nouns
集合名詞
Collective nouns refer to groups of various types. Collective nouns are most commonly used with groups of animals. Collective nouns can be used in both the singular and plural, although collective nouns tend to be used in the singular. Here are some common collective nouns referring to groups of animals:
集合名詞指代的是一組不同類型的事物。集合名詞最常用于表示一群動(dòng)物。雖然有想單數(shù)形式演變的趨勢(shì)，集合名詞可以是單數(shù)形式，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)形式。
herd
獸群
litter
一窩（幼崽）
pack
一群
swarm
蜂群
hive
熱鬧的人群
The herd of cattle moved to a new field to graze.
牛群來(lái)到新的地方吃草。
Be careful! There's a hive of bees near here.
小心！那兒有一群蜜蜂。
Collective nouns are also commonly used for names of institutions and groups within institutions such as academic, business and governmental organizations.
集合名詞通常也可以用來(lái)指代體系和體系下團(tuán)體的名稱，例如學(xué)院、商業(yè)和政府組織。
department
部門(mén)
firm
公司
party
政黨
staff
員工
team
團(tuán)隊(duì)
Staff will meet at ten thirty tomorrow morning.
員工們會(huì)在明天早上十點(diǎn)半集會(huì)。
The sales department met its goals last quarter.
上個(gè)季度，銷售部達(dá)到了要求。
3.Common Nouns
普通名詞
Common nouns refer to categories of things in general, never to specific examples something that are named. In other words, when speaking about education in general someone might refer to 'university' in a general sense.
普通名詞指代的`是常見(jiàn)事物的種類，而不是某個(gè)具體事物的名稱。也就是說(shuō)，通常我們提到教育時(shí)，一般意義上來(lái)說(shuō)可能會(huì)想到“大學(xué)”。
I think Tom should go to university to study science.
我認(rèn)為，湯姆應(yīng)該去大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)。
In this case, 'university' is a common noun. On the other hand, when 'university' is used as part of a name it becomes part of a proper noun (see below).
在這種情況下，university（大學(xué)）是一個(gè)普通名詞。另一方面，當(dāng)university用作某個(gè)名稱的一部分時(shí)，它就屬于專有名詞（見(jiàn)下文）。
Meredith decided to go to the University of Oregon.
梅雷迪斯決定去俄勒岡大學(xué)。
Note that common nouns that are used as the part of a name and become proper nouns are always capitalized. Here are some common nouns that are often used as common nouns and part of names.
注意，普通名詞用于指代名稱時(shí)就成了專有名詞，這時(shí)應(yīng)該大寫(xiě)。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的用于事物名稱的普通名詞。
university
大學(xué)
college
學(xué)院
school
學(xué)校
institute
學(xué)會(huì)
department
部門(mén)
state
州
There are a number of states which are in financial difficulty.
許多州都陷入了財(cái)政危機(jī)。
I think you need to go to college.
我覺(jué)得，你需要上大學(xué)。
4.Concrete Nouns
具體名詞
Concrete nouns refer to things that you can touch, taste, feel, see, etc. There are actual things that we interact with on a daily basis. Concrete nouns can be both countable and uncountable. Here are some typical concrete nouns:
具體名詞時(shí)代的是你可以觸摸、品嘗、感覺(jué)、看到等等的事物。我們每天都可以接觸到一些實(shí)實(shí)在在的物體。具體名詞有可數(shù)的，也有不可數(shù)的。下面是一些典型的具體名詞。
Countable Concrete Nouns
可數(shù)的具體名詞
orange
橙子
desk
書(shū)桌
book
書(shū)
car
車
house
房子
Uncountable Concrete Nouns
不可數(shù)的具體名詞
rice
米飯
water
水
pasta
意大利面
whiskey
威士忌
There are three oranges on the table.
桌上有三個(gè)橙子。
I need some water. I'm thirsty!
我需要一些水。我渴了！
My friend has just bought a new car.
我朋友剛買了一輛新車。
Can we have rice for dinner?
晚餐吃米飯好嗎？
The opposite of concrete nouns are abstract nouns that do not refer to things we touch, but to things we think, ideas we have, and emotions we feel.
與具體名詞相對(duì)立的就是抽象名詞，它們指代的不是可以觸碰到的事物，而是我們的想法、觀點(diǎn)和感情。
5.Pronouns
代詞
Pronouns refer to people or things. There are a number of pronoun forms depending on how the pronouns are used. Here are the subject pronouns:
代詞是指代人或物的詞。代詞的數(shù)取決于它們使用的方式。下面是主格代詞：
I
我
you
你
he
他
she
她
it
它
we
我們
you
你們
they
他們
He lives in New York.
他住在紐約。
They like pizza.
他們喜歡吃披薩。
6.Proper Nouns
專有名詞
Proper nouns are the names of people, things, institutions, nations, etc. Proper nouns are always capitalized. Here are some examples of common proper nouns:
專有名詞指代的是人、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、國(guó)家等的名稱。專有名詞經(jīng)常大寫(xiě)。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的專有名詞：
Canada
加拿大
University of California
加利福利亞大學(xué)
Tom
湯姆
Alice
愛(ài)麗絲
Tom lives in Kansas.
湯姆住在堪薩斯州。
I'd love to visit Canada next year.
明年我想去加拿大。
7.Uncountable Nouns / Mass Nouns / Non-Count Nouns
不可數(shù)名詞/物質(zhì)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞
Uncountable nouns are also referred to as mass nouns or non-count nouns. Uncountable nouns can be both concrete and abstract nouns and are always used in the singular form because they can not be counted. Here are some common uncountable nouns:不可數(shù)名詞也可以被稱為mass nouns o或non-count nouns。
不可數(shù)名詞既可以是具體名詞，也可以是抽象名詞。它們常以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)槭遣豢蓴?shù)的。下面是一些常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞：
rice
米飯
love
愛(ài)
time
時(shí)間
weather
天氣
furniture
家具
We're having lovely weather this week.
這周的天氣真好。
We need to get some new furniture for our home.
我們需要給家里添置一些新家具。
Uncountable nouns can generally do not take a definite or indefinite article depending on usage.
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞前面不用加上定冠詞或不定冠詞。
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