英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話技巧
對(duì)于四級(jí)聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，考生應(yīng)始終牢記：不要奢望將其內(nèi)容一字不落地完全聽(tīng)懂并且記住。因?yàn)榧词乖谌粘Ｉ钪杏媚刚Z(yǔ)對(duì)話，這也幾乎是不可能的，同時(shí)也是不必要的。在日常生活中，我們只要掌握自己關(guān)心的信息，而在聽(tīng)力考試中，我們則要抓住關(guān)鍵的命題點(diǎn)。下面是英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話技巧：
一、聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)
聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)于聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話非常重要。放音間隔的時(shí)間應(yīng)盡可能留作預(yù)測(cè)之用。若想有效使用這短短幾十秒的放音間隔時(shí)間，需把握以下兩個(gè)原則：
1. 先縱后橫
所謂“先縱”，就是首先通讀每篇后的3-4個(gè)小題，找出關(guān)鍵詞，前后聯(lián)系，預(yù)測(cè)全篇大致主題。
所謂“后橫”，就是在仍有時(shí)間的情況下，通看各題選項(xiàng)，看看是否存在生詞，總結(jié)長(zhǎng)句的核心意思，以此預(yù)測(cè)考點(diǎn)和可能的答案。
兩步預(yù)測(cè)都要注意隨時(shí)做出標(biāo)注，劃出關(guān)鍵詞或簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)句的大意，因?yàn)閱螒{記憶在"高壓"的聽(tīng)力考試中是萬(wàn)萬(wàn)靠不住的。
以2007年12月Conversation Two為例：
23. A) She is thirsty for promotion.
B) She wants a much higher salary.
C) She is tired of her present work.
D) She wants to save travel expenses.
首先通過(guò)promotion, salary和work可得出本對(duì)話的大致主題是有關(guān)職業(yè)，再聯(lián)系兩次出現(xiàn)的wants,想到或許與求職有關(guān)，并順理成章地想到可能會(huì)談到離職的原因、新職位的性質(zhì)以及薪酬等等。這就是上面所說(shuō)的"先縱"。
此后我們可對(duì)選項(xiàng)中較長(zhǎng)的詞語(yǔ)做標(biāo)注，如下劃線所示。通過(guò)聽(tīng)錄音我們發(fā)現(xiàn)本題答案的對(duì)應(yīng)信息在原文中是"I'm fed up with my job.", 正是"tired of"的同義置換。這就是上面所說(shuō)的"后橫"。
可見(jiàn)，事先標(biāo)注關(guān)鍵信息，可讓我們?cè)诼?tīng)時(shí)將注意力集中到更小的"點(diǎn)",起到事半功倍的效果。
2. 分清主次
與生活中的情形相似，雙方對(duì)話的時(shí)候常有主次之分，如：一方詢問(wèn)，另一方作答時(shí)，關(guān)鍵信息多出現(xiàn)在作答一方，考點(diǎn)自然也就多出于此。分清對(duì)話雙方的主次對(duì)于我們預(yù)測(cè)考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的位置很重要，方法也簡(jiǎn)單易行。
以2006年12月Conversation Two為例：
22. A) It was about a little animal.
B) It took her six years to write.
C) It was adapted from a fairy tale.
D) It was about a little girl and her pet.
23. A) She knows how to write best-selling novels.
B) She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.
C) She is able to win enough support from publishers.
D) She can make a living by doing what she likes.
24. A) The characters. B) The readers.C) Her ideas. D) Her life experiences.
25. A) She doesn't really know where they originated.
B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.
C) They popped out of her child-hood dreams.
D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.
通看下劃線部分不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎所有的選項(xiàng)都與女性會(huì)話者有關(guān),可料想此對(duì)話中男性會(huì)話者多提出問(wèn)題，女性多做答復(fù)，聽(tīng)時(shí)當(dāng)然主要聽(tīng)女性會(huì)話者所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。
二、聽(tīng)時(shí)抓“點(diǎn)”
有了充分的聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)，聽(tīng)時(shí)的主要任務(wù)就是抓住考點(diǎn)，且掌握如下兩個(gè)原則：
1. 考點(diǎn)均勻分布，易出現(xiàn)在話輪轉(zhuǎn)換處
首先，長(zhǎng)對(duì)話后設(shè)的3-4個(gè)小題一般均勻地分布在對(duì)話的每個(gè)回合，極少出現(xiàn)某一個(gè)回合包含兩個(gè)考點(diǎn)的情況。這樣，我們?cè)谝粋�(gè)對(duì)話回合中找到一個(gè)考點(diǎn)后，剩余的部分就可不做詳聽(tīng)，讓緊張的神經(jīng)稍做放松，有利于將精力集中于下面的考點(diǎn)。
其次，考點(diǎn)的位置多是話輪轉(zhuǎn)換的'時(shí)候。具體的說(shuō)，就是對(duì)話一方某段發(fā)言的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾部分，這也完全符合西方人的思維習(xí)慣，即在發(fā)言伊始多是開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，而在發(fā)言結(jié)尾處又總括強(qiáng)調(diào)。
仍以2006年12月Conversation Two為例：
M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was your first book?
W: I wrote my first story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean, and I've been writing ever since. (22題考點(diǎn))
M: Why did you choose to be an author?
W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be finding out what you love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing. (23題考點(diǎn))
M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?
W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one, but I never really imagine a target audience when I'm writing. The ideas come first, so it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next. (24題考點(diǎn))
M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?
W: I've no idea where the ideas came from. And I hope I'll never find out. (25題考點(diǎn)) It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform.
2. 重復(fù)率較高的詞或短語(yǔ)多成為考點(diǎn)
對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容理所當(dāng)然會(huì)得到說(shuō)話人的強(qiáng)調(diào)，而一個(gè)非常重要且明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)方式就是重復(fù)，故重復(fù)的詞語(yǔ)往往能夠揭示對(duì)話的主題。
如問(wèn)：What is the news coverage mainly about?
而原文中多次出現(xiàn)rebel forces, conflict, war等與"叛亂"相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)，也可判斷本題答案為A) The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.
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