中考英語閱讀理解三大理解方法
一、依據(jù)主題句定短文的中心
任意一篇文章通常是圍繞一個(gè)中心展開并且由段落組成的；段落之間有著內(nèi)在的緊密聯(lián)系，而表達(dá)段落主題的句子叫主題句，通常置于段落的開頭，有時(shí)在段落末尾和中間；其它的句子是用來說明和闡述主題句的；若把一個(gè)個(gè)主題句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同時(shí)還可以回避、排除個(gè)別生詞、難句（等困難信號）所帶來的干擾，但也有一些文章的中心思想常貫穿在全文中，因而要綜觀全文，對全文有一個(gè)透徹的理解才行。
如：
My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening。 The accommodation wasn"t wonderful， but we had everything we needed （beds， blankets， food ）， and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air。
On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group。 Cameron had come along with two friends， Kevin and Simon， while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda。 There were some other members I didn"t know。 We had come from different places and none of us knew the area。
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors， but none of us was sure exactly how。 Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock—climbing and then we changed at lunchtime。 Matt and I went to the caves （巖洞） first。 Climbing out was harder than going in， but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last。 Though we were covered with mud， we were pleased and excited by what we"d done。
This passage mainly talks about ______________。
A。 the writer"s friends at the Activity Center
B。 the writer"s experience at the Activity Center
C。 outdoor sports at the Activity Center
D。 how to go rock—climbing and caving
[參考答案B] 上述這段短文的中心是說明“the writer"s experience at the Activity Center。”。作者以及作者的朋友，還有組上的其他一些成員一起在活動中心度周末的一些活動以及感受。
二、掌握具體事實(shí)和重要細(xì)節(jié)
閱讀文章時(shí)，要求學(xué)生養(yǎng)成辨認(rèn)和記憶具體事實(shí)、重要細(xì)節(jié)的習(xí)慣。因?yàn)榫唧w事實(shí)、重要細(xì)節(jié)是主題句的擴(kuò)展、補(bǔ)充、說明或例證，是用來支持和說明中心思想的，而且是閱讀理解測試的重要組成部分。
如：If someone asks me： “Do you like music？” I"m sure I will answer him or her： “Of course， I do。” because I think music is an important part of our lives。
Different people have different ideas about music。 For me， I like rock music because it"s so exciting。 And my favorite rock band， the “Foxy Ladies” （酷妹） is one of the most famous rock bands in the world。 I also like pop music。 My classmate LiLan loves dance music， because she enjoys dancing。 My best friend， Jane， likes jazz music （爵士樂）。 She thinks jazz is really cool。
“I like dance music and rock very much。” says my brother， “because they are amazing。”
But my mother thinks rock is boring。 “I like some relaxing （輕松的） music，” she says。 That"s why she likes country music， I think。
①The writer likes music because he thinks ____________。
A。 it"s an exciting part of our lives B。 it"s an amazing part of our lives
C。 it"s an important part of our lives
②What kind of music does the writer like？
A。 Rock and pop music。 B。 Rock and dance music。 C。 Jazz and country music。
③Who likes dancing？
A。 The writer。 B。 Li Lan。 C。 Jane。
④The writer"s mother thinks that country music is __________。
A。 amazing B。 boring C。 relaxing
⑤ How many people"s ideas about music are talked about in this passage （短文）？
A。 4。 B。 5。 C。 6。
這是幾道重要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)題，全是圍繞短文的主題句“Different people have different ideas about music”來展開說明的，起補(bǔ)充舉例作用。答案分別為 ① C ② A ③ B ④ C ⑤ B。
三、運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法、語境線索等幫助來推測關(guān)鍵詞義
在閱讀文章的過程中，常常會遇到一些生詞，如果不懂得這些詞義就會妨礙理解，但大部分生詞的詞義是可以根據(jù)上下文，結(jié)合構(gòu)詞法、借助文章中的語境線索幫助在理解基礎(chǔ)上猜測其詞義，這有助于加快閱讀速度，提高閱讀理解能力。如：
Water is all around us。 Water is in the ocean。 Water is in the lakes and rivers。 Water is in the air。 There is more water than land on the earth。 All living things must have it。 We must have it， too。 We cannot live without drinking water。 Sometimes， we do not have all the water that we need。 The land will dry up without water。 Sometimes， there can be too much water in the land。 If it rains very， very hard， the rain water will run down the hill。 It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills。 It is called erosion when the water takes the land away。
“Erosion” in the passage means ____________。
A。 地震 B。 雪崩 C。 侵蝕 D。 霜凍
根據(jù)前面的語句If it rains very， very hard， the rain water will run down the hills。 It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills。解釋可以推知erosion是一種自然地理現(xiàn)象，即“侵蝕”，答案為C。
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