英語閱讀例證題的方法講解
一、判斷題型
通過對考研英語閱讀文章題干的觀察分類例證題題干特點如下，當題干中出現example，demonstrate，illustrate，case，story，即可判斷該題干為例證題，見歷年真題題干如下：
1. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____.
2. George Washington's dental surgery in mentioned to____.
3. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
4. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce____.
二、方法
通過對歷年真題的分析，例證題的考察主要考察的是論點論據的區分，即找出例子論證的論點。例證題可細分為兩種類型，例子在文首，例子在文中。例 子在文首時，多為了引出文章主題，主題通常緊隨例子后面；例子在文中時，多為剛剛陳述一個觀點，接著舉例論證的情況，所以觀點多數情況緊隨例子前面。
例子在文首見歷年真題題干如下：
1.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
例子出現在文章首段，用過去式陳述過去發生在大型肉食動物身上的事情，一段末通過now這個時間指示副詞和文章開頭的arrived之間的對比，提出文章主題，Now something similar could be happening in the oceans。正確答案為最后首段末句的同義替換，C。
2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
一段通過一個現象的敘述，引出二段首的觀點，此篇文章，主旨句特點比較明顯，為段首的問句，問題的答案即為主旨，what might account for this strange phenomenon?
三、錯誤選項特點
通過對真題的分析，例證題錯誤選項的特征多為就事論事，混淆論點論據。見真題如下：
1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment(文中一段例子中的'細節，不可概括主題)
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared(文中一段例子中的細節，不可概括主題)
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones(與文中一段三句相矛盾，屬于一段例子中的細節上的反向干擾。)
綜合分析其它三個干擾選項特征其實一句話概括，即題干問為什么舉例，而干擾選項在說這個例子本身——就事論事，混淆論點論據。
2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
(球員出生現象不能夠直接強調職業訓練的重要性，此處通過球員出生的例子在沒有論證的情況下，還不能得出結論，即天才是后天造就的，文章的論證 是下面的邏輯順序：球員出生現象的引子——原因的猜測：某些星相學玄學原因?——接著通過埃里克森的實驗得出結論：天才是后天造就。該選項跳躍性太強，出 現了邏輯斷層。)
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
(例證為了引出主題：二段首，卓越的原因，而不是討論球員本身，選項B非作者意圖。)
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
(文章中說的是球員，不是球隊，屬于一段例子中的細節上的偷換概念。)
通過對干擾選項的觀察，B、D兩個干擾項的特點都是就事論事，討論例子本身，非作者意圖，沒有分清論點論據。
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