英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法吧英語(yǔ)作為一門語(yǔ)言
英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法吧英語(yǔ)作為一門語(yǔ)言
除了課堂上的學(xué)習(xí)外，平時(shí)的積累與練習(xí)也是學(xué)生提高成績(jī)的重要途徑，本文為大家提供了英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法：把英語(yǔ)作為一門語(yǔ)言，祝大家閱讀愉快。
首先，不要當(dāng)成學(xué)英語(yǔ)，要當(dāng)成操練英語(yǔ)。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該了解語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，但不下苦功在聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫上練習(xí)，僅靠死記硬背一些孤立的單詞、一些語(yǔ)法條條，是很難掌握英語(yǔ)的。學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)既然是練功夫的過(guò)程，就并不是那么輕松。要不怕困難，持之以恒。要記住，應(yīng)該是Learning English 而不是Learning about English。這就像學(xué)游泳、跳芭蕾舞一樣，對(duì)其理論掌握再好，不通過(guò)反復(fù)訓(xùn)練是永遠(yuǎn)也學(xué)不會(huì)的。
其次，學(xué)語(yǔ)言的順序應(yīng)是聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫。
語(yǔ)音是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的第一關(guān)。要注意訓(xùn)練自己聽(tīng)音、辯音和模仿的能力。課堂上，專心聽(tīng)老師的發(fā)音和磁帶上的錄音，爭(zhēng)取當(dāng)堂學(xué)會(huì)。對(duì)于那些比較拗口的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，課下一定要擠時(shí)間反復(fù)模仿，直到讀準(zhǔn)、讀熟為止。平時(shí)要多開(kāi)口，經(jīng)常大聲朗讀和對(duì)話。
再次，要訓(xùn)練自己的英語(yǔ)思維。英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)是兩種不同的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)。如英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中的短元音、輔音連綴，以摩擦音、破擦音收尾音節(jié)等在漢語(yǔ)中都沒(méi)有。英語(yǔ)有形態(tài)變化，如名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化等，而漢語(yǔ)基本上沒(méi)有。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)同漢語(yǔ)也存在著一些差異。中學(xué)生的漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣已相當(dāng)牢固，對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有一定的干擾作用。要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，就要注意英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。一旦通過(guò)大量的閱讀，養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)思維的習(xí)慣，并產(chǎn)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感，就會(huì)逐步減少犯“中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)”的錯(cuò)誤的機(jī)會(huì)。這就要求我們要在掌握聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫時(shí)，還要學(xué)會(huì)用英語(yǔ)的思維方式。平時(shí)要常問(wèn)問(wèn)自己：這層意思或這個(gè)事物用英語(yǔ)該怎么表達(dá)?在這種場(chǎng)合或情景下，“老外”會(huì)說(shuō)寫什么話?帶著這類問(wèn)題去讀書，去請(qǐng)教他人，就能“立竿見(jiàn)影”。
本文就是為大家整理的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法：把英語(yǔ)作為一門語(yǔ)言，希望能為大家的學(xué)習(xí)帶來(lái)幫助，不斷進(jìn)步，取得優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。
高三英語(yǔ)教案 Mainly Revision
教案 Mainly Revision
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
一、熟練讀寫能夠運(yùn)用下面的詞匯：
flat, silly, downtown, tail, standard, postman, mailbox, sex, high; department store, keep up, show off, high-rise block
二、學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用及掌握如下句型：
1.1 suggest(ed) you (should) do. . .
2. It’s much +比較級(jí)+ to do. . . than to do. . .
3. This helps to keep the cold out.
4. It’s a different matter for sth.
5. Hibernation is more than sleep. 6. The squirrel was usually described as a good animal.
三、系統(tǒng)歸納準(zhǔn)確熟練運(yùn)用Unit 7～Unit 11 出現(xiàn)過(guò)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，重點(diǎn) 構(gòu)詞法，不定式的用法和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及間接引語(yǔ)。另外Unit 7 ～Unit 11 出現(xiàn)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)，歸納有關(guān)建議的各種句型
四、靈活運(yùn)用交際用語(yǔ)：
You’d better( not)... You should/ought to. . .
You need (to). . . You could...
I suggest you (should). Shall we. . . ?
Let's... . What/How about. . . ?
Why not. . . ? Why don't we / you. . . ?
教學(xué)建議
教學(xué)教法：
本單元日常交際用語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)是讓掌握向他人提出建議和忠告的方式。第45課第二部分已給出的短語(yǔ)和句型足以滿足在實(shí)際閱讀及寫作中的需要，因此應(yīng)從熟練運(yùn)用的角度對(duì)進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)和要求。例如清楚區(qū)分每種句型和表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確含義及用法，搭配。可以要求學(xué)生做適當(dāng)?shù)木涫睫D(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)，造句練習(xí)等。
2.本單元閱讀文章為有關(guān)冬眠的科普短文。從文章所用語(yǔ)言來(lái)看，較為平易，淺顯，然而其中也有因闡明事理的需要而出現(xiàn)的長(zhǎng)句，難句，教師要對(duì)此進(jìn)行專門的分析，講解。此外，教師還可以從愛(ài)好(如養(yǎng)小動(dòng)物)及愛(ài)護(hù)動(dòng)物的角度適度擴(kuò)展與課文相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，來(lái)達(dá)到了解掌握科學(xué)知識(shí)并能夠?qū)W以致用的目的。
詞語(yǔ)辨析：
1.weather和climate
weather 意為“天氣”，為不可數(shù)名詞，不能在前面加不定冠詞，如我們只能說(shuō)in such fine weather , 而不能說(shuō)in such a fine weather。如：
The weather has changed. 天氣變了。
【注意】weather前雖不可加不定冠詞，但在表示“各種各樣的天氣”，或“不論哪種天氣”時(shí)，weather用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
She goes out in all weathers.
weather 指某特定地區(qū)在一定時(shí)間的氣象情況。
climate 指一般比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，如一季的天氣狀況。
A drier climate would be good for her health.氣候干燥的地區(qū)會(huì)對(duì)他的有益。
2.cause 和reason
cause 用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“引起、使產(chǎn)生、給……帶來(lái)。”例如：
What caused the accident?
是什么引起這個(gè)事故的?
cause 用作名詞，意為“原因，理由”。例如：
Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.
造成火災(zāi)的原因通常是不謹(jǐn)慎。
cause 是造成一種事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的“原因”，
Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.熱是物體膨脹的原因。
reason 是說(shuō)明一種看法或行為的“理由”。例如：
You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his offer.
你必須告訴他你為何拒絕他的提議。
3.deep, deeply
deep可作形容詞，表示“深的”，又可作副詞，表示“深深地”。這里是具體意義的“深”。
The river is very deep here. (deep是形容詞)
He pushed his stick deep into the mud. (deep是副詞)
在一些固定的搭配中使用deep, 尤其在介詞詞組前。如：
be deep in debt 債臺(tái)高筑
be deep in thought 深入沉思
do sth. deep into the night 一直做到深夜
deeply是deep后綴-ly構(gòu)成副詞, 使用時(shí)一般具有抽象含義，意為“深深地，深厚地，深切地”。如：
We are deeply grateful for your help. 我們非常感謝你的幫助。
4.fly away 與fly off
1)它們倆都可表示“匆匆離去(飛去)”之意，但有一些差別。fly away距離較遠(yuǎn)，而fly off指距離較近。
Then they flew away into their hiding place.
后來(lái)他們竄回到他們躲藏的地方去了。
When he was driving very fast, one of the wheels of his wagon flew off.
他正把車開(kāi)得飛快，一只輪子突然脫落了。
2)away是副詞，off既可作副詞，也可作介詞。off后可跟賓語(yǔ)，away后則不可。如：
The bird shook its tail and flew away. 那只鳥(niǎo)搖著尾巴飛走了。
【注意】把動(dòng)詞keep, run, walk, move等后面加上away或off, 其區(qū)別與上述所談?lì)愃啤Ｈ纾?/p>
What kept you away last Sunday? 上星期日你為什么沒(méi)來(lái)?
Keep off the grass! 勿踏草地!
Lesson 46 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案(一)
Step 1 Lead – in
(Show some pictures to attract the Ss’ interests about the text.)
Step 2 Reading:
A.Ask the Ss to do some “True or False” exercises
1. Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold; some animals hibernate in the cold wather.(True)
2. Animals hibernate only in the earth. (False)
3. None of the warm-blooded animals need to hibernate because they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold weather. (True)
4. A hibernating animal does not breathe and cannot feel any pain. (False)
B.Questions and answers:
1. Why don’t some warm-blooded animals hibernate in the winter?
(lead an active life, keep up, normal body temperature)
2. Why do cold-blooded animals hibernate?
(When the air temperature, below freezing, body temperature, drop, cannot move about; almost no food in the winter)
3. How would you recognize that an animal is hibernating?
C.Reading comprehension:
1.The text mainly tells us that ________.
A .hibernation is more than sleep
B. warm-blooded animals will do things different from cold-blooded animals in winter
C. some animals live through the winter by hibernation or half-hibernation
D. animals use different ways to protect themselves against the cold (key: C)
2. Why do some animals sleep under the snow?
A. Because they prefer the cold air in the snow.
B. Because the air in loose snow will help to keep the cold out.
C. Because they can adjust(調(diào)節(jié))their body temperature there to fit for the cold weather.
D. Because they are warm-blooded animals. (key: B)
3. Which sentence carries the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Sentence 1. B. Sentence 2. C. Sentence 3. D. Sentence 4. (key: A)
4. Why can the wolf keep awake in winter?
A. Because it is a cold-blooded animal.
B Because it prefers moving by nature.
C. Because it can keep up its normal body temperature even in cold weather.
D. Because it has to go hunting as a result of lack of food for the winter. (key: C)
5. Why do frogs go to sleep under the mud in winter?
A. Because they can escape from their enemies under the mud and the air there will keep the cold out.
B. Because the air under the mud will keep the cold out and it is comfortable there.
C. Because they feel comfortable there and they can get food easily.
D. Because they have enough to eat there . (key: D)
6. We will know an animal is hibernating if _______
A. it touches cold and is breathing very slowly
B. it is sensitive to pain
C. its temperature drops to below zero centigrade
D. it does not move (key: A)
7. Why can a hibernating animal manage to live through the winter?
A. Because it hardly makes any movement and breathes very slowly and it has enough fat stored in its body.
B. Because it has already stored supplies of fat in its body.
C. Because it will not use energy while sleeping since they never make any movement then.
D. Because it doesn’t breathe at all. (key: A)
8.Why does the bear stop hibernating on warm winter days?
A. Because the warmth makes it think the winter has gone.
B. Because it has to eat some food for the next long sleep.
C. Because it feels cold and wants to warm itself up on warm winter days.
D. Because it is going to hunt something on warm winter days. (key: A)
9. Why does a squirrel hide nuts before the beginning of winter?
A. Because it will eat a lot in winter to keep warm.
B. Because it is hard to find food in winter.
C. Because it needs to eat a lot to hibernate.
D. Because it needs nuts to fight against its enemies. (key: B)
10. We human beings are able to keep the cold out because ________
A. we are warm-blooded
B. we are clever enough to build houses and to wear clothes
C. we are cold-blooded, and we do not need to hibernate
D. for human beings, hibernation will use more energy (key: A)
Step3:language points:
本單元重點(diǎn)句型
(1)Hibernation is more than sleep.
(2)People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead.
(3)You can touch it, or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake up.
(4)Hibernating in that way, the animals can sleep all through the winter.
(5) The second is connected with the main use the body makes of food—to supply the energy for movements.
(6) We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movements to far below the ordinary level.
(7) The animal hardly makes any movement, hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any food.
(8)Some animals, including some bears, only half-hibernate.
難句解析：
1.They go to sleep in all kinds of places.它們到各種各樣的地方去睡覺(jué)。
go to sleep，fall asleep與sleep，這三個(gè)詞(組)都有“睡著”之意。go to sleep意思是“睡著，去睡覺(jué)”，fall asleep意思是“睡著了，酣睡”，它們都表瞬間動(dòng)作，如表持續(xù)性動(dòng)作或延續(xù)性狀態(tài)，要用動(dòng)詞sleep。e.g.
①I found it very difficult to go to sleep.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難人睡。
②Soon he fell asleep，for he was very tired.他很累，很快就睡著了。
③we have slept(for) eight hours.我們已睡了八個(gè)小時(shí)。
2.They lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather.
他們生活得很活躍，即使在嚴(yán)寒的冬天也能保持正常的體溫。
習(xí)慣用法
(2)keep up保持，維持，繼續(xù)，e.g.
① Let s hope the sunny weather keeps up for Saturday s tennis match.
但愿星期六網(wǎng)球比賽時(shí)還是這樣的好天氣。
②We。Are having difficulty keeping up。our。mortgage payments.我們難以繼續(xù)支付分期償還的抵押貨款。
③If you want to be a performer，you 11 have to keep up your piano.如果你真想成為演奏家，就得堅(jiān)持練習(xí)鋼琴.
3.Then it as no choice but to lie down and sleep.于是，別無(wú)選擇，它們只好躺下睡覺(jué)。
have no choice but to do表“別無(wú)選擇”之意。e.g.
Have I any choice but to do as you tell me? 除了按你吩咐的去做外，我還有別的選擇嗎?
表示“別無(wú)選擇只好做……”之意，除了可用 have no choice but to do…來(lái)表達(dá)外，還可用下列固定搭配：
(l)can do nothing but do/can not do anything but do，e.g.
I can do nothing but accept his demand.我只好接受他的要求。
(2)there is nothing left to do but do…，e.g.
There was nothing left for her to do but cry.她別無(wú)它法，只有哭。
(3)can’t but do…，e.g.
I could not but admit that he was right and。I was wrong.我不得不承認(rèn)他對(duì)了，我錯(cuò)了。
疑難點(diǎn)撥：
1.Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不僅僅是睡眠。
句中的more than相當(dāng)于 not only。意為“不僅僅”。e.g.
He is。more a teacher.He is a good friend of mine。他不只是，還是我的益友。
2.People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead..人們看到處于冬眠狀態(tài)的動(dòng)物，常常以為它們死了。
這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。
(l)who-clause是定語(yǔ)從句修飾people，that-clause是賓語(yǔ)從句作think的賓語(yǔ)。
(2)asleep是表語(yǔ)形容詞，在句中一般只作表語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)，或后置定語(yǔ)，這樣的形容詞還有alive，alike，alone，awake等。
3.You can touch it, or even pull its tail without causing it to move or wake up. 你可以摸它，甚至可以拉它的尾巴，這也不會(huì)使它動(dòng)一動(dòng)或醒過(guò)來(lái)。
這個(gè)句子可改寫成：Even if you touch it or pull its tail，you can’t cause it move or wake up.
4. Hibernating in that way, the animal can sleep all through the winter.
用那種方式冬眠，動(dòng)物可以睡過(guò)整過(guò)冬天。
句中的 hibernating in that way是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于as they hibernate in that way。
5.We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movements to far below the ordinary level..
冬眠動(dòng)物的活動(dòng)量減少到遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于一般水平。
(1)句中的 far below意為“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于，比……低得多”。e.g.
In winter the temperature of Harbin is far below that of Wuhan.
冬天哈爾濱的氣溫比武漢的低得多。
(2)句中的reduce..to作“減少，使處于……狀態(tài)”解。e.g 高一.
① The house was reduced to ashes by the big fire.那場(chǎng)大火把屋子化為灰燼。
②The man was reduced to begging for food.那男人淪落到討飯的地步。
2016年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法題解題技巧
[導(dǎo)讀]我們就可以根據(jù)歷年測(cè)的分布，合理分配的時(shí)間。因此我們?cè)跁r(shí)，就要在重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目上多花時(shí)間，在非重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目少花時(shí)間。
2005年——2010年上海市語(yǔ)法題考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)表
從上述 “2005年—2010年上海市高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法題統(tǒng)計(jì)表”上可以看出語(yǔ)法測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞，6次高考共測(cè)試36題，平均每次高考測(cè)試6題;其次是狀語(yǔ)從句有10題;名詞性從句有10題;形容詞與副詞有7題;而冠詞與數(shù)詞、虛擬語(yǔ)氣為最少。由此我們就可以根據(jù)歷年語(yǔ)法測(cè)試題的分布，合理分配語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間。因此我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)，就要在重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目上多花時(shí)間，在非重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目少花時(shí)間。再如，在復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，哪些動(dòng)詞后可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，哪些動(dòng)詞后可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，要把常用的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行分類，然后背誦;在復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，我們也可以進(jìn)行分類，如：feel, hear, listento, make, let, have, see, look at,watch, notice, observe等，這些動(dòng)詞后面動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to：I often hear him sing the song.Don’tforget to have him come. He sat lis-tening to her climb the stairs。各有不同，但目的只有一個(gè)，抓住重點(diǎn)，提高。
2、把握考點(diǎn) 提高
考點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)法注重對(duì)題干語(yǔ)境的理解和語(yǔ)法形式的掌握。
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法測(cè)試呈現(xiàn)兩大特點(diǎn)：一是基礎(chǔ)性，基礎(chǔ)測(cè)試面廣，覆蓋了詞法、句法的基本點(diǎn);二是語(yǔ)法試題更呈現(xiàn)語(yǔ)境化，選用的題干語(yǔ)句上下文情景清晰，易于理解。我們分析前幾年的高考語(yǔ)法題，測(cè)試的內(nèi)容都是最基礎(chǔ)的，且題目難度不高。由于一道題對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，做題時(shí)要同時(shí)揣摩通過(guò)這題想考哪個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，想明白了，題目也就迎刃而解了。如：
例 1，At a rough estimate,Nigeria is ______GreatBritain. (05秋)
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the sizeof
D. three times the size of
剖析：本題測(cè)試倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法。倍數(shù)有三種表示法：
(1)X times+as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as， 如： A is threetimes as large asB。
(2)X times+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than，如： A is threetimes larger than B。
(3)X times+名詞形式，如：A is three times the size ofB。
本題用的是第三種表達(dá)方法，所以選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。
例 2，In an hour, we cantravel to places ____would havetaken our ancestors days toreach。(06秋)
A.where B.when
C.which D.what
評(píng)析：本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意，先行詞“places”在定語(yǔ)從句中既是主語(yǔ)，又是不定式短語(yǔ)“to reach”的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞，所以C選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
3、講究方法 提高效率
在做語(yǔ)法題的時(shí)候，我們還可以找到一些方法來(lái)快速解題。
1)成分補(bǔ)充法
我們通過(guò)把省去的部分補(bǔ)完整，可以幫助我們更好解整個(gè)句子。
例1: ——Mum, why do youalwaysmake me eat an egg everyday?
—— _________ enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。
A.Get B.Getting
C.To get D.To be getting
如果我們把答語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充完整，那么就得到：I alwaysmake you eat anegg every day to get enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。這樣我們很快就得到答案C。
2)句子還原法
一些句式還原后就更加清晰明了，也更符合學(xué)生的習(xí)慣，這樣就容易解題了。
例1：Mrs Smithwasmuch disap-pointed to see the TV set she hadhad ________wentwrong again。
A. It B. it repaired
C.Repaired D. to be repaired
分析：本題在the TV set后有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，還原法是破解定語(yǔ)從句的一個(gè)好方法，我們把先行詞還原到從句中，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)就明確了：
She had had theTV set… 如果我們選用C. repaired,就成了：Shehad had theTV set repaired。
很顯然這是考核have sth. done的句型，我們很快就能找到答案C。
例2： Was everything Jim ___away by the robbers last night?
a. taken b. had taken
c. owned took d. like to take
這個(gè)句子把定語(yǔ)從句還原后得：everything that Jim had,然后再還原was得：
Everything that Jim hadwas tak-en away by the robbers last night。
因此我們很快就找到答案B。
3)排除干擾法
排除干擾法就是去掉題干中干擾的成分如定語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、從句等，把題干理一理，使得我們看得更清楚。
例1： The bell ________the endof the period rang, ________ourheated discussion.A. indicating…interruptingB. indicated…interruptingC. indicating…interruptedD. indicated…interrupted
去掉 the end of the period和our heated discussion剩下：
The bell…rang，我們看到了一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，因此我們就可以判定，前后兩個(gè)空格都是非謂語(yǔ)的位置，所以很快就可以找到答案A。
例2： The strong wind causedthe fire, which obviously had beenset by someone on purpose, _______quickly across the field.A. spreading B. spreadC. to spreading D. to spread
如果我們把中間的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句先拿掉，剩下就是：
The strong wind caused the fireto spread quickly across the field。
這時(shí)我們可以看出這個(gè)題目的考點(diǎn)是cause sb./sth. to do，所以我們很快就可以判定答案是D。
4、不斷總結(jié)，不斷提高
我們做任何事，都要不斷總結(jié)，善于總結(jié)，才能不斷提高。
階段英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)更是如此。我在教學(xué)過(guò)程中曾經(jīng)讓學(xué)生把每次練習(xí)、測(cè)驗(yàn)、中做錯(cuò)的題目抄在一個(gè)“錯(cuò)題集”本子上，在題目的右邊留一段空白，寫上題目的答案、做錯(cuò)的原因和解題思路，經(jīng)常看看做做，一直到完全掌握為止。
實(shí)踐證明這個(gè)方法很有效，同學(xué)們也可以試試。除了總結(jié)“錯(cuò)題”外，還可以總結(jié)詞匯。比如我們總結(jié)了上海市高考詞匯表中以字母a開(kāi)頭的表語(yǔ)形容詞，這些形容詞只能做表語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)，不能做前置形容詞，它們是：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep,awake, aware。
5、把握命題趨勢(shì)
綜上所述，同學(xué)們應(yīng)當(dāng)把語(yǔ)法和詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)放在對(duì)基本結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確理解和運(yùn)用上，尤其是要結(jié)合交際功能和詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)，掌握在不同的語(yǔ)言情景里選用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。
同學(xué)們要特別注意不要在語(yǔ)法和詞匯復(fù)習(xí)中鉆牛角尖，不要超出英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的范圍對(duì)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目深挖，不要在有些語(yǔ)法學(xué)者和老師們尚有爭(zhēng)論的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象上花很多時(shí)間，不要進(jìn)行煩瑣無(wú)謂的近義詞辨析，不要不加選擇地做過(guò)多的語(yǔ)法和詞匯練習(xí)，要大膽地?cái)P棄那些過(guò)于復(fù)雜、轉(zhuǎn)彎過(guò)多、在真實(shí)語(yǔ)言交際中不可能出現(xiàn)的偏題、怪題。
總之，要把握高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和詞匯命題的趨勢(shì)：逐步轉(zhuǎn)向突出基本知識(shí)、突出運(yùn)用、強(qiáng)化情景、體現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法和詞匯不脫離語(yǔ)言交際的趨勢(shì)。同學(xué)們要把復(fù)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向廣泛閱讀，大量接觸生動(dòng)活潑的語(yǔ)言材料，并最終掌握語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)。
6、讀懂題目再下手
看不懂的先停一停，先做會(huì)做的，先易后難。沒(méi)有讀懂題目，不要輕易下手。比如 高中歷史，Largemu-seums no longer acceptthat is offered to them, but ac-cept only objects thatmeet theirhigh standards. A. anything B.any C.whatever D. everything這個(gè)題目好象很容易，很多同學(xué)看一眼，馬上選出anything,理由是完全否定，在否定句中用any-thing;如果同學(xué)再仔細(xì)一些就會(huì)確定everything是本題答案，因?yàn)榇蟛┪镳^不是完全不接受ob-jects，而是接受那些符合他們高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的objects，因此這個(gè)句子是部分否定。
最后，答題速度要快，一分鐘要做2—3題
英語(yǔ)作文考場(chǎng)小貼士
·遇到不會(huì)寫的單詞怎么辦
遇到不會(huì)的單詞時(shí)，可以用同義詞或近義詞代替；選擇不同的詞性，變化一下句型；當(dāng)出現(xiàn)了非要使用的單詞不會(huì)拼寫或拼不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，不要放棄；盡量采用較簡(jiǎn)單的詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句型來(lái)表達(dá)相近或與主題相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
·作文中的首字母何時(shí)大寫
冠詞都不需要大寫；字母多于三個(gè)的介詞、連詞首字母要大寫；題目的第一個(gè)單詞；名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、感嘆詞首字母；大寫所有英語(yǔ)中要求大寫的單詞。如月份、人名、地名等等。
·作文字?jǐn)?shù)如何把握
在題目要求范圍內(nèi)如果有能力寫的稍微多一點(diǎn)，問(wèn)題不大。如果追求長(zhǎng)度，而忘了寫那些話是不是真正有意義，是不是真正跟題目相關(guān)，那就沒(méi)有太大價(jià)值。
·發(fā)現(xiàn)跑題如何補(bǔ)救
從感覺(jué)跑題起寫切合題目的內(nèi)容，通過(guò)一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞轉(zhuǎn)接過(guò)來(lái)，讓閱卷者知道你真正想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。比如用一句“剛才談了那么多 高中物理，但是對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題真正重要的方面是……”即可補(bǔ)救。
·字跡潦草會(huì)不會(huì)扣分
盡量一筆一畫寫清楚，潦草程度不至于讓考官很難判斷是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的，但是如果讓考官很難判斷還是要扣分。
·考作文的時(shí)間安排
寫作理想時(shí)間是30分鐘，最少不能少于20分鐘，要有一定的時(shí)間限制。
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專題指導(dǎo)－事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
第一講 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述本身發(fā)問(wèn)。一般包括直接理解題（在原文中可直接找到答案。常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提問(wèn)或用與此相類似的詞填空。說(shuō)明文和敘述文的思考題有相當(dāng)于部分是此類題）及語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化題（需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論。）抓住文段中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其它類型問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)。這類題型的題干常為：
1) When/Where did the story happen?
2) Which of the following statements is (not) correct?
3) Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?
4) Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
5) All the statements are true except.
該題型幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體。所以，搜查信息在閱讀中非常重要，它包括理解作者在敘述某事時(shí)使用的具體事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)、圖表等細(xì)節(jié)信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開(kāi)的細(xì)節(jié)。做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問(wèn)題短文，找出與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。弄清細(xì)節(jié)、準(zhǔn)確獲取信息，也是把握文章中心思想的前提。
細(xì)節(jié)專題一：排序題
此類的考查形式是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí)，然后對(duì)上面的.事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序。要求考生根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序、時(shí)間順序以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序。考生可以先找出最早的一個(gè)時(shí)間和事件，把它作為事件發(fā)生的具體點(diǎn)，然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小，從而快速地選出正確答案。
例1：In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach(沙灘)in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence(便士) to hire a machine and an attendant(侍者). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine . Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stoped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.（1996NMET）
①In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the right order for doing them?
a. Changing into bathing clothes b. Getting out of the bathing machine
c. Paying 2 pence d. Getting into the bathing machine
e. Being taken down the beach f. Getting into the water
A. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c
[分析]答案B 題目要求找出利用bathing machine游泳的程序，顯然，租用一個(gè)bathing machine是要先付錢的，所以 c就是第一個(gè)動(dòng)作，下水 f 應(yīng)該是最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作了。這樣用排除法就可以排除 A和 D 項(xiàng)。再看 B和C項(xiàng)，從第一段倒數(shù)第三句可知先a后e，故選 B。
細(xì)節(jié)專題二：計(jì)算題
計(jì)算題也是近幾年中常考的內(nèi)容，此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來(lái)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，有的要經(jīng)過(guò)具體的計(jì)算才能夠得出正確的答案。具體的計(jì)算題可以是對(duì)年代的計(jì)算、月份的計(jì)算或比例的計(jì)算等。文章中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們對(duì)解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。解答此類試題的是先來(lái)理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算等就能夠得出正確的答案了。
例2：Degree
We offer a wide choice of bachelor’s degrees (學(xué)位) for international students, which includes: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens, for further information: [emailprotected]
Tuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi))
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: [emailprotected]
Accommodation(住宿)
You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@waikato. ac.nz
Health
The Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctor's and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: [emailprotected]
Sports
The Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport@ waikato.ac.nz（2005安徽卷）
②You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000
[分析]B此題為計(jì)算題。我們從所選的這些事實(shí)來(lái)看，文章中所說(shuō)的Tuition Fees 每年需要from $5,000 to $6,000，而a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month，一年需要$1200,另外的other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算可以知道一年需要$1800，加起來(lái)一年至少需要$8000。
細(xì)節(jié)專題三：圖形題
在有圖形試題的閱讀理解中，有的圖形出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解文章中，有的出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，這些圖片的出現(xiàn)增加了試題的直觀性，同時(shí)也暗含著和文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。在解答此類試題的時(shí)候，一定要把握?qǐng)D形中所暗含的信息，特別是有些事實(shí)是通過(guò)圖片來(lái)敘述的，我們可以采用按圖尋找正確答案的方法。
例3：The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峽), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. There are ten islands with a total land area of 75 square miles and a total population of 123,000. The three largest islands, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, have long been known for the fine breeds(品種)of cattle that are raised on them and named after them.
In earliest known history the islands were considered part of Normandy, which was part of France, but the ruler of Normandy became king of England in 1066, and from then on the islands were looked upon as British land. English control was unbroken until World War II, when the Germans held the islands for five years.
Although people on the islands speak both languages and they are considered English, their customs are more French than English.（2000年北京春季）
③Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands?
Br = Britain Fr = France Ch = Channel Islands
[分析]C這是一道識(shí)圖題。從第一段：The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峽), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast.可以推斷選項(xiàng)C正確地表達(dá)了The Channel Islands的位置
細(xì)節(jié)專題四：其它類型
例4：Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510miles southwest of its nearest neighbor, St. Helena, and 1,950miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral（葡萄牙海軍上將）of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.
Coming in a close second –- and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land － is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.
The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.
On Easter Sunday, 1772, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today,高中政治, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory （智利領(lǐng)土）. They share on street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.（2003年全國(guó)）
④It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _____________.
A．was named after its discoverer B．got its name from Holland settlers
C．was named by the British government D．got its name from the Guinness Book of Records
[分析]本篇選材涉及，為我們介紹了兩座最為偏遠(yuǎn)的小島(farthest／most distant inhabited islands)，一為吉尼斯大全(Guinness Book of Records)所認(rèn)定的Tristan da Cunha；另一為復(fù)活島(Easter lsland)．文中出現(xiàn)了比較多的專有名詞．
本題問(wèn)及Tristan da Cunha小島的命名．如能通過(guò)瀏覽把握本文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，則可看出，關(guān)于該島的內(nèi)容都在第1段：運(yùn)用尋讀(SCANNING)技巧可以找到與本題相關(guān)的線索 (關(guān)鍵詞name)出現(xiàn)在該段結(jié)尾句里，通讀全句可以得出答案：Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name (as the island)．．．，與選項(xiàng)A一致．[答案] A
⑤Which of the following is most famous for moai?
A．Tristan da Cunha. B．Pitcairn Island.． C. Easter Island. D．St. Helena.
[分析]本題涉及關(guān)于moai( = stone figures)的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題：其所在地．4個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為島名，因此不能依此線索查找．要按題干中所問(wèn)，從第3段里找到moai所在的島；但這里僅提到 the island，循此線索往上追尋：(3段結(jié)尾)the island = (3段開(kāi)頭)the mountainous 64-squaremile sland = (2段中)Easter lsland，即為答案．[答案] C
⑥Which country does Easter Island belong to?
A．Britain. B．Holland. C．Portugal. D．Chile.
[分析]本題考查復(fù)活島今日的歸屬問(wèn)題．題干提問(wèn)中使用的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)也是不容忽視的．問(wèn)的是“現(xiàn)在”情況，不是過(guò)去．第4段中間提到Today，．．．Chilean territory，與答案D吻合．
另外3個(gè)國(guó)家中，有的與此島并不相干(A．Britain；C．Portugal)；有的則只是上的過(guò)客(B．Holland)．最大干擾項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)．這些誤選者顯然只注意了短文結(jié)尾段中的On Easter Sunday，1722，however，settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name，卻忽略了其中的時(shí)間因素，同樣，也沒(méi)能對(duì)于緊接此后的Today，2，000 people live on the Chilean territory予以足夠關(guān)注，對(duì)于時(shí)態(tài)變化所傳遞的信息差異意識(shí)不夠?qū)е铝诉@些考生在理解上的偏差，因而失誤．[答案]D
例5：When she looked ahead. Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions. Now at the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina to the California coast.
On that fourth of July morning 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense. She could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she struggled on, hour after hour, while millions watched on national television.
Alongside Florence in one of the boats, her mother and here trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasn’t much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had… until then. With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out.
⑦What does “she never had…”in the third paragraph mean?
A. She had never been so desperate. B. She had never thought of giving it up.
C. She had never seen such thick fog. D. She had never swum across the strait before.
[分析]根據(jù)上下文they urged her not to quit,以及with only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out. 可以推斷出，她當(dāng)時(shí)并沒(méi)有想放棄，只不過(guò)是后來(lái)情況變化了。答案：B
例6：Decision-thinking is not unlike poker--- it often matters not only what you think , but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think . The mental process（過(guò)程） is similar . Naturally , this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good thinkers .
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory . In particular , he showed that all games fall into two classes ; there are what he called games of ‘perfect information’, games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks ; they don't win by chance , but by means of logic and skills . Then there are games of ‘imperfect information’, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors（因素）, which would ever puzzle best poker players . But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance , and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess , not poker.
⑧An important factor in a game of imperfect information is _______.
A. rules B. luck C. time D. ideas
[分析]短文第二段有這樣一段說(shuō)明：……游戲可分為兩類，一種是被稱為 “perfect information”的游戲，雙方無(wú)法隱瞞或進(jìn)行欺騙，他們不是靠碰巧獲勝 （ …they don’t win by chance）。另一種則是 “imperfect information”的游戲，如打牌，游戲者不可能預(yù)先知道他出的這一道牌是否比另一道好。從作者的這種表達(dá)可以推斷出，“imperfect information”游戲獲勝的一個(gè)因素就是運(yùn)氣。因此選B。
如何提高英語(yǔ)寫作中的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力？
寫作在中占著不可忽視的位置。寫作主要包括兩大方面：一是內(nèi)容，即寫什么；二是表述，即如何用語(yǔ)言把內(nèi)容表述出來(lái)。寫作是對(duì)語(yǔ)言的積極運(yùn)用。然而，有些雖然豐富，思路開(kāi)闊，但是語(yǔ)言表達(dá)卻顯得蒼白無(wú)力。如何提高英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，并非一件易事。
1．句子要正確。合乎。要注意漢英兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)上的差異，避免中國(guó)式英語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)比較下面兩組句子：
1） 誤：Only this, we can hope to do the work well.
正：Only in this way can we hope to do the work well.
只有這樣，我們才有希望把做好。
2） 誤：It was dark, they had to feel their way upstairs.
正：It was dark, so they had to feel their way upstairs.
It was so dark that they had to feel their way upstairs.
It was dark; they had to feel their way upstairs.
As it was dark, they had to feel their way.
天太黑，他們不得不摸索上樓。
例1）里的“only this”在整個(gè)句子里不合乎語(yǔ)法，純屬中國(guó)式的英語(yǔ)，而且本句以“only”開(kāi)頭，要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例2）也是按漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，兩個(gè)單句之間不用連詞，直接用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；而英語(yǔ)則要么有連語(yǔ)；要么用分號(hào)或句號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
2．用詞要正確，注意漢英兩種詞匯的非完全對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)都存在一詞多義現(xiàn)象。漢語(yǔ)里的同一個(gè)詞在英語(yǔ)里有時(shí)需用完全不同的詞來(lái)表示。例如：
1） 緊張
The atmosphere in the room is tense.（室內(nèi)的氣氛緊張。）
Water is in great demand in this region.（這個(gè)地區(qū)用水緊張。）
2） 堅(jiān)持
He insisted on lending us the money.（他堅(jiān)持要把錢措給我們。）】
He persevered in learning English in face of difficulties.（在困難面前 高中政治，他堅(jiān)持學(xué)英語(yǔ)。）
例1）中的“in great demand”和“tense”以及例2）中的“insisted on”和“persevered in”是不可互換的。
3．用詞要恰當(dāng)、貼切。有些詞雖然在英語(yǔ)里是同義詞，但也可能存在用法上的區(qū)別，如正式與非正式，古老與現(xiàn)代，褒義與貶義等。例如：“resolute”是褒義詞，表示“堅(jiān)定”；而“stubborn”則帶有貶義，表示“固執(zhí)”。“small”和“l(fā)ittle”在表示尺寸大小時(shí)可以互換，但“l(fā)ittle”含有“可愛(ài)”的意思。寫作時(shí)要根據(jù)需要，選擇合適的詞。
4．詞的搭配要正確。有些詞常常在一起使用，形成詞的搭配，如定語(yǔ)和中心詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)搭配、介詞和賓語(yǔ)的搭配、動(dòng)詞和副詞的搭配等。中國(guó)學(xué)生常常根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的搭配習(xí)慣，錯(cuò)誤地形成的搭配。例如：
1） 誤：to destroy an appointment
正：to break an appointment (毀約)
2） 誤：to understand deeply
正：to understand fully / thoroughly (深深地懂得)
再比如，漢語(yǔ)中的“微”字和不同的詞搭配，在英語(yǔ)里要用不同的詞表示。如：
微風(fēng)：gently breeze
微云：thin clouds
微火：slow fire
5．詞和句子要富于變化。在寫作中表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，不一定總要用同一個(gè)詞，要避免太多重復(fù)，盡量用其它適當(dāng)?shù)脑~來(lái)代替。句子也一樣。文章中的句子在主序、結(jié)構(gòu)、長(zhǎng)度等方面應(yīng)當(dāng)富于變化，可適當(dāng)使用一些介詞和副詞詞組，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)。短句和長(zhǎng)句，簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句可交替使用。這樣，文章不會(huì)顯得單調(diào)，乏味。但要注意，變化要得當(dāng)，如果為了變化而變化，文章則會(huì)顯得矯揉造作、嘩眾取寵。
高三英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)期中檢測(cè)試題
第 I 卷（選擇題 共105分）
第一部分：聽(tīng)力 (共兩節(jié) 30分)
第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. Which restaurant are the speakers most likely to choose?
A. French. B. Italian. C. Chinese.
2. What does the man mean?
A. He’ll go to the park with the woman.
B. The weather report is not always true.
C. They’d better stay indoors tomorrow.
3. What’s most important for the woman?
A. Living environment. B. Convenient transportation.
C. Job opportunities.
4. Why is the man complaining?
A. He dislikes filing documents. B. His work is always the same.
C. His co-worker was careless.
5. How did Adam probably get the football?
A. He bought it himself. B. He borrowed it from someone else.
C. It was given to him as a birthday gift.
第二節(jié) （共15小題；每小題 1.5 分，滿分 22.5 分）
聽(tīng)下面5 段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6－7題。
6. What does the man want the woman to do?
A. To attend an art course. B. To paint a portrait of her mother.
C. To pay for the portrait.
7. How does the woman feel in the end?
A. Unconfident. B. Annoyed. C. Excited.
聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8－10題。
8. What does the woman show the man?
A. Some clothes. B. A magazine. C. A new store.
9. What is the problem with the store?
A. The clothes are too expensive. B. The clothes are not the right size.
C. The clothes are not available.
10. What will happen next Tuesday?
A. There will be a party. B. The man can get what he wants.
C. The clothes will be delivered to the man.
聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11－13題。
11. What did the woman do for the man?
A. She cleaned his house. B. She made him breakfast.
C. She said something nice about him.
12. What does the man think the woman wants to do?
A. Something unpleasant. B. Something sweet. C. Something funny.
13. What do we know about the woman?
A. She is fond of shopping. B. She wants to borrow some money.
C. She has taken up a new hobby.
聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14－16題。
14. What are speakers mainly talking about?
A. An online service. B. The woman’s favorite TV shows.
C. The quality of TV shows nowadays.
15. What does the woman like to watch?
A. Current TV shows. B. Movies rented from stores.
C. Old TV shows.
16. What does the man want to do?
A. To buy a TV. B. To join Netflix. C. To watch a movie.
聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17－20題。
17. What’s the speaker’s suggestion in the talk?
A. Getting a variety of clothes. B. Taking an umbrella in summer.
C. Drinking plenty of water.
18. What’s summer like in the United States?
A. It lasts for about 5 months.
B. It often rains in most areas.
C. The temperature generally keeps the same.
19. Why are many homes and buildings cool even in summer?
A. They are built with special materials.
B. Doors and windows are kept open.
C. They often have fans or air conditioners.
20. Where might the talk take place?
A. In a classroom. B. On the radio. C. In a studio.
第二部分：運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié) 滿分35分）
://www./gaokao/shandong/
第一節(jié)：和詞匯知識(shí)（共l5小題；每小題l分，滿分l5分）
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
21. Their university is located on a beautiful lake, ____ of this developing city.
A. southeast thirty miles B. thirty miles southeast
C. thirty miles to southeast D. to thirty miles southeast
22. I ____ you, but I didn't think you would listen to me.
A. could have told B. must have told C. should tell D. might tell
23. I wonder how it ____ that Chinese climbers successfully finished the torch relay on the Mount Qomolangma, where the air is so thin.
A. came out B. came across C. came over D. came about
24. Will you see to ____ that my birds are looked after well while I'm away?
A. them B. yourself C. it D. me
25. _____ the help of experienced career instructors, this type of job-hunting training ____ to be very efficient.
A. By; has proved B. With; has proved C. Under; is proving D. With; is proved
26. ——What's the matter with Tim?
——Oh, Tim's cell-phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ____ again.
A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found
27. They became partners at work that day. Until then, they ______ to each other for
nearly three years.
A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken
C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking
28.— Do you think I should join the singing group, Mary?
— _____ . If I were in your shoes, I certainly would.
A. None of your business B．It depends
C．Why not D．I don’t think so
29. Thank you for sending us ____ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us ____ great service.
A. 不填; a B. the; a C. 不填; 不填 D. the; 不填
30. We had a really bad time about six months ago but now things are ____.
A. picking up B. coming up C. making up D. turning up
31. __________this program is very controversial, it ________ many teenagers.
A. In spite of; appeals B. Despite; appeals to
C. Although; appeals D. Despite the fact that; appeals to
32. He has learned_______, no matter what happens and how bad _____ seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrow.
A. that; it B. it; that C. it; it D. that; that
33. ______ he has learned through practice before ______ him a lot in his future work.
A. That; helping B. What; helped
C. That; it helps D. What; will help
34. Last week, part of China was struck by heavy snow, from ____effects the people are still suffering.
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
35. According to news reports personal _____of guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.
A. wealth B. possession C. matter D. problem
第二節(jié) 完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分, 滿分20分）
閱讀下面短文, 從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中, 選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
It’s easy to see how to help some people, but what about those whose needs are not so obvious? This story may have happened a while back ---but it was a 36
which has stayed with me and helped me ever since.
It was Thanksgiving Day and I was 37 with my parents at a shelter centre for the needy. Standing behind the counter, we 38 hot food to whoever came in. Most of the people who came here looked like they had been 39 hard times. Their clothes were so worn-out, and they were so dirty. In short, they looked needy!
Then, a man came in , who looked ___40_ but needy. He was well dressed, for he wore an expensive suit. I wondered what he was doing there and my jaw dropped in 41 when he joined the line for food. The closer he came to my service station, the more I 42 in a low voice. I wanted to know what this man was doing. 43
he wasn’t going to take food 44 for those who were really in need!
Then my mother 45 took me to one side. She said, “You have 46
that the needs of the people who come here must be purely physical: hunger, lack of
47 , clothing and so on. And this gentleman doesn’t seem to have any of those
48 . But what if his needs are 49 ? What if he needs comfort, friends, or just to be among other human beings?” Her words 50 me like a ton of bricks! I felt like I should 51 to the man ---but I didn’t .
About a week later the shelter centre received a large 52 from an anonymous(匿名)source. I can’t help but 53 if it came from that man.
Now, whenever I meet someone I remember my mother’s lesson and try to send
kindness and blessings 54 what they look like. Needs aren’t always 55 . But kindness always makes a difference.
36. A. situation B. secret C. lesson D. comment
37. A. volunteering B. practising C. training D. performing
38. A. recommended B. collected C. delivered D. distributed
39. A. looking for B. going through C. learning from D. preparing for
40. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
41. A. peace B. respect C 高中政治. delight D. amazement
42. A. declared B. remarked C. complained D. argued
43. A. Generally B. Surely C. Largely D. Probably
44. A. meant B. applied C. watched D. answered
45. A. rudely B. excitedly C. slowly D. quietly
46. A. assumed B. ignored C. announced D. confirmed
47. A. food B. shelter C. water D. coats
48. A. problems B. choices C. satisfactions D. feelings
49. A. natural B. practical C. valuable D. emotional
50. A. encouraged B. struck C. wounded D. disappointed
51. A. respond B. suggest C. describe D. apologize
52. A. order B. baggage C. donation D. bill
53. A. imagine B. wonder C. realize D. admit
54. A. in honor of
B. for fear of C. regardless of D. in spite of
55. A. visible B. reasonable C. ridiculous D. mysterious
第三部分 閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
At a certain time in our lives we consider every place as the possible site for a house. I have thus searched the country within a dozen miles of where I live. In imagination I have bought all the farms, one after another, and I knew their prices.
The nearest thing that I came to actual ownership was when I bought the Hollowell place. But before the owner completed the sale with me, his wife changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me additional dollars to return the farm to him. However, I let him keep the additional dollars and sold him the farm for just what I gave for it.
The real attraction of the Hollowell farm to me was its position, being about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, bounded on one side by the river, and separated from the highway by a wide field. The poor condition of the house and fences showed that it hadn’t been used for some time. I remembered from my earliest trip up the river that the house used to be hidden behind a forest area, and I was in a hurry to buy it before the owner finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the apple trees, and clearing away some young trees which had grown up in the fields. I wanted to buy it before he made any more of his improvements. But it turned out as I have said.
I was not really troubled by the loss. I had always had a garden, but I don’t think I was ready for a large farm. I believe that as long as possible it is better to live free and uncommitted (無(wú)牽掛的). It makes but little difference whether you own a farm or not.
56. What do we know about the author?
A. He wanted to buy the oldest farm near where he lived.
B. He made a study of many farms before buying.
C. He made money by buying and selling farms.
D. He had the money to buy the best farm in the country.
57. Why did the author decide to buy the Hollowell place?
A. It was of good market value. B. It was next to the highway.
C. It was in a good position. D. It was behind a nice garden.
58. Why did the author want to buy the farm in a hurry?
A. He was afraid the owner might changes his mind.
B. He hoped to enlarge the forest on the farm.
C. He wanted to keep the farm as it was.
D. He was eager to become a farm owner.
59. The underlined words “the loss” in the last paragraph refer to ___.
A. the money the author lost in buying the farm
B. the sale of the garden in the Hollowell place
C. the removal of the trees around the house
D. the failure to possess the Hollowell place
60. What does the author believe as important in life?
A. To own a farm B. To satisfy his needs
C. To be free from worries D. To live in the countryside
B
In a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver? I began studying this question and found the answers interesting.
One morning I got into three different taxis and announced, “Well, it’s my first day back in New York in seven years. I’ve been in prison.” Not a single driver replied, so I tried again. “Yeah, I shot a man in Reno.” I explained, hoping the driver would ask me why, but nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver, “Reno? That is in Nevada?”
Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I’d just been fired. “This is America,” a Haitian driver said. “One door is closed. Another is open.” He argued against my plan to burn down my boss’s house. A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope; he refused to take me to the middle of George Washington Bridge—a $20 trip. “Why you want to go there? Go home and relax. Don’t worry. Take a new job.”
One very hot weekday in July, while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word “BANK” on it, I tried calling a taxi five times outside different banks. The driver picked me up every time. My ride with a Haitian driver was typical of the superb assistance I received.
“Let’s go across the park.” I said. “I just robbed the bank there. I got $25,000.”
“$25,000?” he asked.
“Yeah, you think it was wrong to take it?”
“No, man. I work 8 hours and I don’t make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too.”
As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed to the Chemical Bank.
“Hey, there’s another bank,” I said, “Could you wait here a minute while I go inside?”
“No, I can’t wait. Pay me now.” His reluctance may have something to do with money—taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low—but I think he wanted me to learn that even a bank robber can’t expect unconditional support.
61. From the Ghanaian driver’s response, we can infer that ____.
A. he was indifferent to the killing B. he was afraid of the author
C. he looked down upon the author D. he thought the author was crazy
62. Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the George Washington Bridge?
A. Because he was able to help the author to find a new job.
B. Because he wanted to go home and relax.
C. Because it was far away from his home.
D. Because he thought that the author would commit .
63. What is the author’s interpretation of the driver’s reluctance “to wait outside the Chemical bank”?
A. The driver was too busy to wait.
B. The driver thought it wrong to support a taxi rider unconditionally.
C. The driver was frightened and wanted to leave him as soon as possible.
D. The driver did not want to help a suspect to escape from a bank robbery.
64. Which of the following statements is true about New York taxi drivers?
A. They are ready to help you do whatever you want to.
B. they often refuse to pick up those who would kill themselves.
C. They are sympathetic with those who are out of work.
D. They work only for money.
65. The passage mainly discusses ____.
A. how to please taxi drivers.
B. how to deal with taxi drivers
C. the attitudes of taxi drivers towards riders with problems
D. the attitudes of taxi drivers towards their work
C
Mulch(護(hù)蓋物;護(hù)根層) is important to farmers. Mulch is a protective cover of material that is spread on top of soil. It is usually made out of organic material, like crop waste. Farmers may keep the remains of maize or other crops on top of the soil. This creates mulch on the soil surface. The plant remains help protect the soil against wind and water damage. Mulching is one of the best things people can do for their plants. Mulch not only protects the soil against wind and water damage.It also helps keep the soil from getting too dry, and reduces the need for watering plants. It also limits temperature changes in the soil. And it stops unwanted plants, or weeds, from growing.
Organic mulch improves the condition of soil. As the mulch breaks down, it provides material which keeps the soil from getting hard. This improves the growth of roots and increases the movement of water through the soil. It also improves the ability of the soil to hold water. Organic mulch contains nutrients for plants. It also provides a good environment for earthworms and other helpful organisms in the soil.
The United States Department of Agriculture says it is easy to find organic mulch materials. Cut-up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used. Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants. Mulch from newspapers works well in controlling weeds.
The best time to add mulch depends on your goal. Mulch provides a thick barrier between the soil and the air. This helps to reduce temperature changes in the soil. As a result, mulched soil will be cooler than other soil in the summer. In winter, the mulched soil may not freeze as deeply as other soil. The best time is after the ground has frozen, but before the coldest weather arrives. Spreading mulch before the ground has frozen may attract small animals searching for a warm place to spend the winter. Delaying the spreading should prevent this problem. The animals will probably find another place to live.
66. The author tells us the following EXCEPT ___________.
A. what mulch is and its benefits
B. the best time to add mulch
C. what can be mulch on the soil surface
D. the bad effects of mulch
67. The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT _______.
A. tree barks B. cut-up leaves C. grass cuttings D. plastic
68. Which of the following is the benefit of mulch?
A. Protecting the soil against wind and water damage.
B. Keeping the soil wet and reducing the need for watering plants
C. Reducing temperature changes in the soil and stopping unwanted weeds growing.
D. All of the above.
69. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that organic mulch can ______.
A. improve the condition of soil
B. improve the ability of the soil to hold water
C. provide a good environment for earthworms
D. improve the growth of roots and increase the movement of water through the soil
70. From the last paragraph, we know ______.
A. the best time to add mulch is in spring and summer
B. the best time to add mulch is after the coldest weather arrives
C. the best time to add mulch depends on weather
D. choosing the best time to add mulch can avoid attracting small animals
D
How do you know if your home is an easy aim for thefts? Around the holidays, many families don’t consider taking proper measures to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple steps, you can better make sure of the safety of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to tell you are away from home.
● Either have a trusted neighbor pick up your mail and newspapers, or tell your mailperson to hold your mail until you return. Nothing says “Hey, we are not home!” like when your postbox is filled with all kinds of mails and you have many different newspapers in your driveway.
● Set several different lights in your house on random timers (隨機(jī)定時(shí)器). Don’t leave your outdoor lights on all the time. Instead, put your outside lights on timers to be on during the nights. If an outdoor light remains on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off.
● If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation, leave them with a friend, rather than having someone come into your house every day to take care of them. When thefts see a neighbor or friend entering your house every day, they will know you are not home.
● Close all your curtains when you leave town. This is effective to deter possible thefts, as no one can see what is in your house. If they don’t know what is inside, then they are less likely to run the risk of breaking in.
● This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe while you are on holiday. Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it monitored by a professional home security system.
71. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. to tell us how to prevent the thefts around the holidays
B. to let the outdoor lights on all the time
C. to tell us many families suffering from the thefts while they are on holiday
D. to tell you to have your neighbor go to your house to take care of your pet.
72. If you are on holiday in other places, the lights in your house should________.
A. be lit in an irregular way B. be kept on all the night
C. be replaced by random timers D be turned on only once one day
73. To make your home is well protected, what does the writer advise you to do?
A. Have all the curtains closed B. Stop your mail service at once
C. Turn to your close neighbors or friends
D. Equip your home with security system
74. Most of the tips mentioned in the text seem to ______.
A. be very popular with families B. have no effect on preventing thefts
C. give a false impression on thefts.
D. be a little hard to be brought into effect.
75. The underlined word “ deter ”probably means “___________ ”.
A. discover B. discourage C. surprise D. attract
第II卷 （非選擇題 共45分）
第四部分 書面表達(dá) （共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）
第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá) （共5小題，每小題3分，滿分15分）
閱讀表達(dá)：
［1］Peer tutoring (同伴指導(dǎo))benefits many students in several ways. Peer tutors can help themselves in understanding materials. They have to master the material themselves and come to a deeper understanding to teach others rather than getting taught by a teacher.
［2］Peer tutors get communication and social skills by tutoring. In order to communicate the meaning of material clearly and make it understood, they must practice the necessary skills to communicate with other people. These skills also carry over socially as it’s much easier, especially for shy children to communicate with someone than to communicate with a large group as in a classroom. It’s common for the tutor and his student to become friends. Developing leadership skills, confidence and a sense of responsibility is easy for a tutor. The tutor becomes a better student, gains more confidence and understands the teacher’s role better.
［3］Those ___________ can also benefit greatly from peer tutoring. Since the tutors are of the same age as the students, it’s more comfortable for the children who have trouble with the material and in need of help to get taught by the same age tutors. This will allow them to ask more questions without fear and to come to a better understanding of the material. The tutor may be able to pass on little tips and tricks that helped him understand the material better.
［4］The process of peer tutoring works for all the related people. It’s easy to relate to someone of the same age. The tutor learns to improve skills useful later in life. The teacher has more time to concentrate on students. It’s a winning situation for everyone.
76. What is peer tutoring according to the text?(no more than 12 words) (3分)
___________________________________________________________
77. What are the benefits of being a peer tutor?(no more than 12 words) (4分)
1)____________ 2)_____________ 3)_____________4)_____________
78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words) (3分)
__________________________________________________
79. Whom do you prefer to turn to when you have trouble in learning, your teacher or your classmate? Why?(no more than 30 words) (3分)
_________________________________________________________
80. What is the author’s attitude toward peer tutoring? (no more than 10 words) (2分)
______________________________________________________________.
第二節(jié) 寫作 （滿分30分）
假如你叫李華,是一位生。最近，《生英語(yǔ)報(bào)》就“生對(duì)的態(tài)度”進(jìn)行討論。作為生，你肯定經(jīng)歷過(guò)多次。
請(qǐng)你：1）簡(jiǎn)要概述中中普遍存在的對(duì)考試失利的兩種態(tài)度：
① 消極態(tài)度：當(dāng)考試失利時(shí)…
② 積極態(tài)度：當(dāng)考試不盡如人意時(shí)…
2）結(jié)合自身實(shí)際，說(shuō)明你的觀點(diǎn)。
要求：詞數(shù)：120-150。
期試答案 (2011---2012第二學(xué)期2012年4月)
聽(tīng)力 1---5 BCACC 6---10 ABBCB
11---15 BACAC 16---20 BABCA
單選 21---25 BADCB 26---30 BBCAA 31---35 DADBB
完形36---40 CADBC 41---45 DCBAD
46---50 ABADB 51---55 DCBCA
閱讀56---60 BCCDC 61---65 ADBCC
66---70 DDDAC 71---75 AADCB
閱讀表達(dá)
76. Some students teach other students of the same age.
77. 1) communication skills 2) social skills
3) understanding materials better 4) being a good student
5) gaining confidence and a sense of responsibility
(答出其中任意4條即可)
78. being tutored (/taught/instructed)
/ who are tutored (/taught / instructed)
79. 略。
80. Everyone related to peer tutoring will benefit. / It will benefit everyone. / The author is in favor of peer tutoring.
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