基本英語語法：分詞的用法
分詞具有形容詞性質，可以在句中擔任表語、定語、賓補、狀語，現在分詞表示主動，且動作在進行，過去分詞表示被動，或動作已完成。下面是小編為您收集整理的關于分詞的用法，歡迎閱讀!
一、分詞的形式
例： write (vt) rise (vi)
主動語態 被動語態 主動 過去分詞
時態
現在時 writing being written rising risen
完成時 having written having been written having risen
二、分詞的用法
(1)定語 分詞置于被修飾名詞前
分詞短語于置于被修飾名詞后
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten(beaten 是被打敗的意思)
This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.
The problem being discussed is very important.
(2)表語：
The book is interesting.
He is interested in the book.
The news is exciting.
He feels excited.
(3)賓語補足語：
When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.
I'd like to have this package weighed.
掌握精髓：動詞不定式作賓語表示動作的全過程，而現在分詞作賓補表示動作正在進行;過去分詞表示被動概念。
(4)狀語：(以下例句值得一背!)
① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.
→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.
② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.
→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.
③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.
④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.
→ Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.
你知道嗎?注意：在運用此類句型時主語前后要保持一致。
① When school was over, the boys went home.
→ Being over, the boys went home. ×
School being over, the boys went home. √
② As my homework has been done, I have nothing else to do.
→ My homework having been done, I have nothing else to do.
③ If weather permits, I'll start tomorrow.
→ Weather permitting, I'll start tomorrow.
三、分詞的時態
現在分詞一般時表示此動作與主句謂語動詞同時發生。
現在分詞完成時表示此動作在主句謂語動詞之前發生。
Entering the room, he saw he. (幾乎同時)
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. (分詞動作在前)
四、分詞的語態
現在分詞一般時被動表動作正在被進行，完成時被動強調分詞所表示的動作先被完成。
The ships being loaded and unloaded belong to us.
Having been warned of typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.(漁民先被告知而后駛向港口)
拓展閱讀：過去分詞的用法
單獨使用：
Bevuto il caffè, uscì dal bar
Finiti i lavori, torn a casa
在復合時態（與助動詞essere 和 avere搭配）和被動式中使用：
Ho mangiato
Sei andato via?
La porta è stata aperta da Luigi
用作形容詞
è un uomo sposato
Ho comprato una rivista illustrata
用作名詞
L’imputato fu assolto
Gli invitati non sono ancora arrivati
在下述情況下過去分詞必須在性、數上進行配合：
當前面由動詞essere引導時
Maria è andata via.
Loro sono partiti presto.
當用作形容詞時：
è una donna sposata.
當前面有直賓代詞lo, la, li, le時：
L’ho vista ieri.
Li ho visti ieri
當過去分詞與助動詞avere 搭配時不需要發生變化。
Maria ha sposato Luigi
定語從句的分詞用法
關系詞充當從句的主語時，如果謂語結構為實詞，將關系代詞進行省略，而從句中的實詞要發生形式的改變。如果原本從句是一個主動語態，可以將動詞直接變成ing形式。如果原本謂語動詞是一個被動語態，可以直接保留過去分詞。如果謂語結構為be+名詞，這時，可以將be動詞同時省略，將后面的名詞和前面從句所修飾的名詞構成同位語結構。
①若作主語的關系代詞之后有be動詞,刪去關系代詞和be動詞即成分詞短語。
Watch the man whois coming this way.
=Watch the mancoming this way.
注意向這邊走來的那個人。
②若作主語的關系代詞之后沒有be動詞而為一般動詞，則刪去關系代詞，再將動詞改為現在分詞。無論時態是不是過去時，都要改為doing形式，如果主句時態是現在時，從句是過去時，則可以去掉關系代詞，加having，改一般過去時動詞為done的形式，不過這種情況很少見。
Anyone who wishesto leave early may do so.
=Anyone wishing toleave early may do so.
任何想要早一點兒離開的人都可以離開。
③若做主的關系代詞之后有be動詞加過去分詞的被動語態，則去掉關系代詞以及be動詞。
An apple that iseaten belongs to me.
=An apple eatenbeongs to me.
這個被吃掉的蘋果是我的。
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