中考英語(yǔ)《交際用語(yǔ)》知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理
1.問候 Greetings
a.Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
How are you?
b.Fine, thank you, And you?
Very well, thank you.
2.介紹 Introductions
a.This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Comrade….
b.How do you do?
Nice/Glad to see/meet you.
c.My name is….
I’m a student/worker etc.(here).
3.告別 Farewells
a.I think it’s time for to leave now.
b.Goodbye! (Bye-bye! Bye!)
See you later/tomorrow. (See you.)
Good night.
4.打電話 Making telephone calls
a.Hello! May I speak to …?
Is that… (speaking)?
b.Hold on, please.
He/She isn’t here right now.
Can I take a message for you?
c.I called to tell/ask you…
d.Goodbye.
5.感謝和應(yīng)答 Thanks and responses
a.Thank you (very much).
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
Thanks for…
b.Not at all.
That’s all right.
You’re welcome.
6.祝愿，祝賀和應(yīng)答 Good wishes, congratulations, responses
a.Good luck!
Best wishes to you.
Have a nice/good time.
Congratulations!
c.Thank you.
d.Happy New Year!
Merry Christmas!
Happy birthday to you.
e.The same to you.
7.意愿 Intentions
I’m going to…
I will...
I’d like to…
I want/hope to…
8.道歉和應(yīng)答 Apologies and responses
a.I’m sorry. (Sorry.)
I’m sorry for/about…
Excuse me.
b.That’s all right.
It doesn’t matter.
That’s nothing.
9.遺憾和同情 Regrets and sympathy
What a pity!
I’m sorry to hear…
10.邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答 Invitations and responses
a.Will you come to…?
Would you like to…?
b.Yes, I’d love to…
Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you.
c.I’d love to, but…
11.提供(幫助等)和應(yīng)答 Offers and responses
a.Can I help you?
What can I do for you?
Here, take this/my…
Let me…for you.
Would you like some…?
b.Thanks. That would be nice/fine.
Thank you for your help.
Yes, please.
c.No, thanks/thank you.
That’s very kind of you, but…
12.請(qǐng)求允許和應(yīng)答 Asking for permission and responses
a.May I…?
Can/Could I…?
b.Yes/Certainly.
Yes, do please.
Of course (you may).
That’s Ok/all right.
c.I’m sorry, but…
You’d better not.
13.表示同意和不同意 Expressing agreement and disagreement
a.Certainly/Sure/Of course.
Yes, please.
Yes, I think so.
b.That’s true/OK.
That’s a good idea.
I agree (with you).
c.No, I don’t think so.
I’m afraid not.
I really can’t agree with you.
14.表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty
a.I’m sure.
I’m sure (that) …
b.I’m not sure.
I’m not sure whether/if…
c.Maybe/Perhaps
15.喜好和厭惡 Likes and dislikes
a.I like/love… (very much).
I like/love to…
b.I don’t like (to) …
I hate (to) …
16.談?wù)撎鞖?Talking about the weather
a.What’s the weather like today?
How’s the weather in…?
b.It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy, etc.
It’s rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isn’t it?
17.購(gòu)物 Shopping
a.What can I do for you?
May/Can I help you?
b.I want/I’d like…
How much is it?
That’s too much/expensive, I’m afraid.
That’s fine. I’ll take it.
Let me have…kilo/box, etc.
c.How many/much do you want?
What colour/size/kind do you want?
d.Do you have any other kind/size/colour,etc.?
18.問路和應(yīng)答 Asking the way and responses
a.Excuse me. Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room?
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to…?
How can I get to…? I don’t know the way.
b.Go down this street.
Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.
It’s about …metres from here.
19.問時(shí)間或日期和應(yīng)答 Asking the time or date and responses
a.What day is (it) today?
What’s the date today?
What time is it?
What’s the time, please?
b.It’s Monday/Tuesday, etc.
It’s January 10th.
It’s five o,clock/half past five/a quarter to five/five thirty, etc.
It’s time for…
20.請(qǐng)求 Requests
a.Can/Could you…for me?
Will/would you please…?
May I have…?
b.Please give/pass me…
Please wait (here/a moment).
Please wait for your turn.
Please stand in line/line up.
Please hurry.
c.Don’t rush/crowd.
No noise, please.
No smoking, please.
21.勸告和建議 Advice and suggestions
a.You’d better…
You should…
You need (to)…
b.Shall we…?
Let’s…
What /How about…?
22.禁止和警告 Prohibition and warnings
a.You can’t/mustn’t…
If you…, you’ll…
b.Take care !
Be careful !
Look out !
23.表示感情 Expressing certain emotions
a.喜悅 Pleasure, joy
I’m glad/pleased/happy to…
That’s nice.
That’s wonderful/great.
b.焦慮 Anxiety
What’s wrong?
What’s the matter (with you)?
I’m/He’s/She’s worried.
Oh, what shall I/we do?
c.驚奇 Surprise
Really?
Oh dear?
Is that so?
24.就餐 Taking meals
a.What would you like to have?
Would you like something to eat/drink?
b.I’d like…
Would you like some more…?
Help yourself to some…
c.Thank you. I’ve had enough/Just a little, please.
25.約會(huì) Making appointments
a.Are you free this afternoon/evening?
How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening?
Shall we meet at 4: 30 at…?
b.Yes, that’s all right.
Yes, I’ll be free then.
c.No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free…
a.All right. See you then.
26.傳遞信息 Passing on a message
a.Will you please give this note/message to…?
b.asked me to give you this note.
c.Thanks for the message.
27.看病 Seeing the doctor
a.There’s something wrong with…
I’ve got a cough.
I feel terrible(bad).
I don’t feel well.
I’ve got a pain here.
This place hurts.
b.Take this medicine three times a day.
Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.
It’s nothing serious.
You’ll be right/well soon.
28.求救 Calling for help
a.Help!
b.What’s the matter?
29.語(yǔ)言困難 Language difficulties
Pardon.
Please say that again/more slowly.
What do you mean by…?
I’m sorry I can’t follow you.
I’m sorry I know only a little English.
30.常見的標(biāo)志和說明 Some common signs and instructions
BUSINESS HOURS FRAGILE
OFFICE HOURS THIS SIDE UP
OPEN MENU
CLOSED NO SMOKING
PULL NO PARKING
PUSH NO PHOTOS
ON DANGER!
OFF PLAY
ENTRANCE STOP
EXIT PAUSE
INSTRUCTIONS
同學(xué)們?cè)谥锌紡?fù)習(xí)時(shí)，首先應(yīng)熟記教材第一至三冊(cè)中出現(xiàn)的常用交際用語(yǔ)和習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。重點(diǎn)掌握問路、打電話、購(gòu)物、看病、就餐和談?wù)撎鞖獾攘N情景中的表達(dá)方法。明確學(xué)習(xí)交際用語(yǔ)的目的是為了培養(yǎng)與講英語(yǔ)人士進(jìn)行口頭交際的能力。學(xué)習(xí)日常交際用語(yǔ)，要了解西方的風(fēng)土人情，必須記住一些典型的日常交際用語(yǔ);要明確談話的場(chǎng)合和對(duì)象，因?yàn)樵谠S多交際場(chǎng)合，怎么問和怎么答都有一些約定俗成的語(yǔ)言;要注意中西文化傳統(tǒng)和背景的不同，使用得體的語(yǔ)言。因此，同學(xué)們必須熟悉這些套話，熟練地掌握它們。這樣才能結(jié)合自己所處的環(huán)境，知道在什么時(shí)候、什么地方、用什么方式、對(duì)什么人使用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言表達(dá)出自己的意思，給予正確的應(yīng)答，還要能自如應(yīng)付各種形式的測(cè)試，如單項(xiàng)選擇、對(duì)號(hào)入座、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話及排列順序等。
做這類題目的思路和方法歸納起來(lái)有以下九點(diǎn)：
1. 要根據(jù)不同的情景，使用不同的表達(dá)法。
2. 要正確判斷出對(duì)話的情景。
3. 問話或答語(yǔ)不能離題。
4. 用篩選法選擇正確對(duì)話。
5. 從語(yǔ)意進(jìn)行判斷。
6. 根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法進(jìn)行選擇。
7. 答語(yǔ)要符合西方人的文化、風(fēng)俗和習(xí)慣。
8. 要使用文明禮貌的語(yǔ)言。
9. 要遵照口語(yǔ)交際特點(diǎn)，不要死套語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。
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